Mandarin and Clementine Market

The global market for tangerines, mandarins, clementines, and satsumas is forecasted to continue its upward trend, with consumption expected to reach 55M tons and $80.9B in value by 2030. China remains the largest consumer and producer of these fruits, with significant growth in both volume and value. The United States and Spain also play important roles in the market. Import and export trends show fluctuations in both volume and value, with notable contributions from countries like Spain, Turkey, and South Africa. Price fluctuations have been observed over the years, with different countries showing varying price trends. Overall, the market for these citrus fruits is expected to continue growing in the coming years.

Market Forecast

Driven by increasing demand for tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas worldwide, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next eight-year period. Market performance is forecast to decelerate, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +2.8% for the period from 2022 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 55M tons by the end of 2030.

In value terms, the market is forecast to increase with an anticipated CAGR of +5.0% for the period from 2022 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market value to $80.9B (in nominal prices) by the end of 2030.

Consumption

World Consumption of Mandarin and Clementine

For the eleventh consecutive year, the global market recorded growth in consumption of tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas, which increased by 4.7% to 44M tons in 2022. The total consumption volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.6% over the period from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Over the period under review, global consumption hit record highs in 2022 and is likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

The global mandarin and clementine market size was estimated at $54.7B in 2022, remaining stable against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers' margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). Overall, the total consumption indicated a prominent expansion from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +7.0% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, consumption increased by +70.0% against 2016 indices. Over the period under review, the global market reached the maximum level in 2022 and is likely to continue growth in years to come.

Consumption By Country

China (26M tons) remains the largest mandarin and clementine consuming country worldwide, accounting for 60% of total volume. Moreover, mandarin and clementine consumption in China exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest consumer, Brazil (1.1M tons), more than tenfold. The United States (1.1M tons) ranked third in terms of total consumption with a 2.5% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual rate of growth in terms of volume in China stood at +6.8%. The remaining consuming countries recorded the following average annual rates of consumption growth: Brazil (+1.3% per year) and the United States (+3.2% per year).

In value terms, China ($34.4B) led the market, alone. The second position in the ranking was taken by Japan ($3.2B). It was followed by the United States.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual rate of growth in terms of value in China stood at +10.0%. The remaining consuming countries recorded the following average annual rates of market growth: Japan (+4.9% per year) and the United States (+7.2% per year).

The countries with the highest levels of mandarin and clementine per capita consumption in 2022 were Morocco (23 kg per person), China (19 kg per person) and Italy (14 kg per person).

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of consumption, amongst the key consuming countries, was attained by Turkey (with a CAGR of +6.6%), while consumption for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Production

World Production of Mandarin and Clementine

For the eleventh year in a row, the global market recorded growth in production of tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas, which increased by 4.4% to 44M tons in 2022. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.6% over the period from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2019 with an increase of 12% against the previous year. Global production peaked in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in the near future. The general positive trend in terms output was largely conditioned by a measured increase of the harvested area and a relatively flat trend pattern in yield figures.

In value terms, mandarin and clementine production shrank modestly to $57.7B in 2022 estimated in export price. In general, production enjoyed a remarkable increase. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2017 with an increase of 31% against the previous year. Over the period under review, global production hit record highs at $58.6B in 2021, and then reduced in the following year.

Production By Country

China (27M tons) remains the largest mandarin and clementine producing country worldwide, comprising approx. 61% of total volume. Moreover, mandarin and clementine production in China exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, Turkey (1.9M tons), more than tenfold. The third position in this ranking was held by Spain (1.8M tons), with a 4% share.

In China, mandarin and clementine production expanded at an average annual rate of +6.4% over the period from 2012-2022. The remaining producing countries recorded the following average annual rates of production growth: Turkey (+7.9% per year) and Spain (-0.4% per year).

Yield

In 2022, the global average yield of tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas declined modestly to 13 tons per ha, approximately equating 2021 figures. Over the period under review, the yield, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2014 with an increase of 7.6%. The global yield peaked at 13 tons per ha in 2021, and then reduced in the following year.

Harvested Area

The global mandarin and clementine harvested area expanded remarkably to 3.4M ha in 2022, growing by 5.1% on 2021 figures. The harvested area increased at an average annual rate of +3.7% over the period from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2019 when the harvested area increased by 13% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the harvested area dedicated to mandarin and clementine production reached the maximum in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in the near future.

Imports

World Imports of Mandarin and Clementine

In 2022, purchases abroad of tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas decreased by -6.7% to 5M tons for the first time since 2019, thus ending a two-year rising trend. Over the period under review, imports, however, recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2018 with an increase of 8.1% against the previous year. Global imports peaked at 5.4M tons in 2021, and then declined in the following year.

In value terms, mandarin and clementine imports fell to $5.5B in 2022. The total import value increased at an average annual rate of +2.2% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations in certain years. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2020 with an increase of 11% against the previous year. Over the period under review, global imports attained the peak figure at $5.8B in 2021, and then declined in the following year.

Imports By Country

In 2022, Russia (798K tons), followed by the United States (461K tons), Germany (363K tons), France (352K tons) and the UK (293K tons) represented the major importers of tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas, together achieving 45% of total imports. The Netherlands (222K tons), Poland (157K tons), Canada (153K tons), Ukraine (140K tons), Indonesia (107K tons), the United Arab Emirates (99K tons), Thailand (82K tons) and Malaysia (81K tons) took a minor share of total imports.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of purchases, amongst the key importing countries, was attained by the United States (with a CAGR of +12.4%), while imports for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest mandarin and clementine importing markets worldwide were the United States ($655M), Germany ($516M) and France ($510M), with a combined 31% share of global imports.

Among the main importing countries, the United States, with a CAGR of +11.5%, recorded the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of imports, over the period under review, while purchases for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices By Country

The average mandarin and clementine import price stood at $1,085 per ton in 2022, therefore, remained relatively stable against the previous year. Over the last decade, it increased at an average annual rate of +1.5%. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2017 when the average import price increased by 9.9% against the previous year. Global import price peaked in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in years to come.

Prices varied noticeably by country of destination: amid the top importers, the country with the highest price was Canada ($1,679 per ton), while Russia ($636 per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Malaysia (+6.4%), while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Exports

World Exports of Mandarin and Clementine

In 2022, overseas shipments of tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas decreased by -8.3% to 5.4M tons for the first time since 2019, thus ending a two-year rising trend. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.2% over the period from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2018 with an increase of 11% against the previous year. The global exports peaked at 5.9M tons in 2021, and then contracted in the following year.

In value terms, mandarin and clementine exports reduced to $5.3B in 2022. The total export value increased at an average annual rate of +2.4% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2020 with an increase of 22% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the global exports reached the maximum at $6B in 2021, and then shrank in the following year.

Exports By Country

In 2022, Spain (1,252K tons), Turkey (881K tons), China (627K tons), South Africa (521K tons) and Morocco (495K tons) was the main exporter of tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas in the world, generating 70% of total export. It was distantly followed by Pakistan (254K tons), achieving a 4.7% share of total exports. The following exporters - Peru (222K tons), Chile (131K tons), Greece (131K tons), Israel (130K tons) and the Netherlands (112K tons) - together made up 14% of total exports.

From 2012 to 2022, the biggest increases were recorded for South Africa (with a CAGR of +15.6%), while shipments for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Spain ($1.6B) remains the largest mandarin and clementine supplier worldwide, comprising 31% of global exports. The second position in the ranking was held by China ($761M), with a 14% share of global exports. It was followed by South Africa, with an 8.9% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual rate of growth in terms of value in Spain was relatively modest. The remaining exporting countries recorded the following average annual rates of exports growth: China (+0.2% per year) and South Africa (+15.4% per year).

Export Prices By Country

In 2022, the average mandarin and clementine export price amounted to $995 per ton, shrinking by -3.2% against the previous year. Over the last decade, it increased at an average annual rate of +1.1%. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2020 an increase of 13%. Over the period under review, the average export prices attained the maximum at $1,028 per ton in 2021, and then contracted in the following year.

Prices varied noticeably by country of origin: amid the top suppliers, the country with the highest price was the Netherlands ($1,351 per ton), while Pakistan ($445 per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by China (+2.9%), while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox Market Intelligence Platform